Copper (Cu, 29)

General properties

Name, symbol, number: copper, Cu, 29

Pronunciation: /ˈkɒpər/ kop-ər

Element category: transition metal

Group, period, block: 11, 4, d

Standard atomic weight: 63.546(3)

Electron configuration: [Ar] 4s1 3d10

Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 18, 1 (Image)

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Physical properties

Phase: solid

Density (near r.t.): 8.94 g·cm−3

Liquid density at m.p.: 8.02 g·cm−3

Melting point: 1357.77 K, 1084.62 °C, 1984.32 °F

Boiling point: 2835 K, 2562 °C, 4643 °F

Heat of fusion: 13.26 kJ·mol−1

Heat of vaporization: 300.4 kJ·mol−1

Molar heat capacity: 24.440 J·mol−1·K−1

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Atomic properties

Oxidation states: +1, +2, +3, +4 (mildly basic oxide)

Electronegativity: 1.90 (Pauling scale)

Atomic radius: 128 pm

Covalent radius: 132±4 pm

Van der Waals radius: 140 pm

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Miscellanea

Crystal structure: face-centered cubic

Magnetic ordering: diamagnetic

Electrical resistivity: (20 °C) 16.78 nΩ·m

Thermal conductivity: 401 W·m−1·K−1

Thermal expansion: (25 °C) 16.5 µm·m−1·K−1

Speed of sound (thin rod): (r.t.) (annealed) 3810 m·s−1

Young's modulus: 110–128 GPa

Shear modulus: 48 GPa

Bulk modulus: 140 GPa

Poisson ratio: 0.34

Mohs hardness: 3.0

Vickers hardness: 369 MPa

Brinell hardness; 874 MPa

CAS registry number: 7440-50-8











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